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244 lines
8.3 KiB
TeX
244 lines
8.3 KiB
TeX
\pagebreak
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\chapter{The \code{proc\_bind} Clause}
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\label{chap:affinity}
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The following examples demonstrate how to use the \code{proc\_bind} clause to
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control the thread binding for a team of threads in a \code{parallel} region.
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The machine architecture is depicted in the figure below. It consists of two sockets,
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each equipped with a quad-core processor and configured to execute two hardware
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threads simultaneously on each core. These examples assume a contiguous core numbering
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starting from 0, such that the hardware threads 0,1 form the first physical core.
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\ifpdf
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%\begin{figure}[htbp]
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\centerline{\includegraphics[width=3.8in,keepaspectratio=true]%
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{figs/proc_bind_fig.pdf}}
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%\end{figure}
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\fi
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The following equivalent place list declarations consist of eight places (which
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we designate as p0 to p7):
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\code{OMP\_PLACES=\texttt{"}\{0,1\},\{2,3\},\{4,5\},\{6,7\},\{8,9\},\{10,11\},\{12,13\},\{14,15\}\texttt{"}}
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or
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\code{OMP\_PLACES=\texttt{"}\{0:2\}:8:2\texttt{"}}
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\section{Spread Affinity Policy}
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The following example shows the result of the \code{spread} affinity policy on
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the partition list when the number of threads is less than or equal to the number
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of places in the parent's place partition, for the machine architecture depicted
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above. Note that the threads are bound to the first place of each subpartition.
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\cexample{affinity}{1c}
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\fexample{affinity}{1f}
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It is unspecified on which place the master thread is initially started. If the
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master thread is initially started on p0, the following placement of threads will
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be applied in the parallel region:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item thread 0 executes on p0 with the place partition p0,p1
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\item thread 1 executes on p2 with the place partition p2,p3
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\item thread 2 executes on p4 with the place partition p4,p5
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\item thread 3 executes on p6 with the place partition p6,p7
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\end{compactitem}
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If the master thread would initially be started on p2, the placement of threads
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and distribution of the place partition would be as follows:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item thread 0 executes on p2 with the place partition p2,p3
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\item thread 1 executes on p4 with the place partition p4,p5
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\item thread 2 executes on p6 with the place partition p6,p7
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\item thread 3 executes on p0 with the place partition p0,p1
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\end{compactitem}
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The following example illustrates the \code{spread} thread affinity policy when
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the number of threads is greater than the number of places in the parent's place
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partition.
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Let \plc{T} be the number of threads in the team, and \plc{P} be the number of places in the
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parent's place partition. The first \plc{T/P} threads of the team (including the master
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thread) execute on the parent's place. The next \plc{T/P} threads execute on the next
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place in the place partition, and so on, with wrap around.
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\cexample{affinity}{2c}
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\fexample{affinity}{2f}
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It is unspecified on which place the master thread is initially started. If the
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master thread is initially started on p0, the following placement of threads will
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be applied in the parallel region:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0,1 execute on p0 with the place partition p0
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\item threads 2,3 execute on p1 with the place partition p1
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\item threads 4,5 execute on p2 with the place partition p2
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\item threads 6,7 execute on p3 with the place partition p3
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\item threads 8,9 execute on p4 with the place partition p4
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\item threads 10,11 execute on p5 with the place partition p5
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\item threads 12,13 execute on p6 with the place partition p6
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\item threads 14,15 execute on p7 with the place partition p7
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\end{compactitem}
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If the master thread would initially be started on p2, the placement of threads
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and distribution of the place partition would be as follows:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0,1 execute on p2 with the place partition p2
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\item threads 2,3 execute on p3 with the place partition p3
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\item threads 4,5 execute on p4 with the place partition p4
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\item threads 6,7 execute on p5 with the place partition p5
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\item threads 8,9 execute on p6 with the place partition p6
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\item threads 10,11 execute on p7 with the place partition p7
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\item threads 12,13 execute on p0 with the place partition p0
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\item threads 14,15 execute on p1 with the place partition p1
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\end{compactitem}
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\section{Close Affinity Policy}
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The following example shows the result of the \code{close} affinity policy on
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the partition list when the number of threads is less than or equal to the number
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of places in parent's place partition, for the machine architecture depicted above.
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The place partition is not changed by the \code{close} policy.
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\cexample{affinity}{3c}
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\fexample{affinity}{3f}
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It is unspecified on which place the master thread is initially started. If the
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master thread is initially started on p0, the following placement of threads will
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be applied in the \code{parallel} region:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item thread 0 executes on p0 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 1 executes on p1 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 2 executes on p2 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 3 executes on p3 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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If the master thread would initially be started on p2, the placement of threads
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and distribution of the place partition would be as follows:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item thread 0 executes on p2 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 1 executes on p3 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 2 executes on p4 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item thread 3 executes on p5 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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The following example illustrates the \code{close} thread affinity policy when
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the number of threads is greater than the number of places in the parent's place
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partition.
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Let \plc{T} be the number of threads in the team, and \plc{P} be the number of places in the
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parent's place partition. The first \plc{T/P} threads of the team (including the master
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thread) execute on the parent's place. The next \plc{T/P} threads execute on the next
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place in the place partition, and so on, with wrap around. The place partition
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is not changed by the \code{close} policy.
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\cexample{affinity}{4c}
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\fexample{affinity}{4f}
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It is unspecified on which place the master thread is initially started. If the
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master thread is initially running on p0, the following placement of threads will
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be applied in the parallel region:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0,1 execute on p0 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 2,3 execute on p1 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 4,5 execute on p2 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 6,7 execute on p3 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 8,9 execute on p4 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 10,11 execute on p5 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 12,13 execute on p6 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 14,15 execute on p7 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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If the master thread would initially be started on p2, the placement of threads
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and distribution of the place partition would be as follows:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0,1 execute on p2 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 2,3 execute on p3 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 4,5 execute on p4 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 6,7 execute on p5 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 8,9 execute on p6 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 10,11 execute on p7 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 12,13 execute on p0 with the place partition p0-p7
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\item threads 14,15 execute on p1 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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\section{Master Affinity Policy}
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The following example shows the result of the \code{master} affinity policy on
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the partition list for the machine architecture depicted above. The place partition
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is not changed by the master policy.
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\cexample{affinity}{5c}
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\fexample{affinity}{5f}
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It is unspecified on which place the master thread is initially started. If the
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master thread is initially running on p0, the following placement of threads will
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be applied in the parallel region:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0-3 execute on p0 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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If the master thread would initially be started on p2, the placement of threads
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and distribution of the place partition would be as follows:
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\begin{compactitem}
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\item threads 0-3 execute on p2 with the place partition p0-p7
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\end{compactitem}
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